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Miras / Islamic Inheritance Calculator (Hanafi, India) – Fast & Clear

Calculate Islamic inheritance shares instantly with our free Miras Calculator designed for Indian Muslims following Hanafi fiqh. Enter family details and estate value to get exact shares in rupees and percentages. This page explains the complete process, rules, and real examples to help you understand Islamic inheritance law in India.

How to Use the Inheritance Calculator

Follow these simple steps to calculate inheritance shares:

1. Deceased’s gender: Select male or female (affects spouse and sibling rules)
2. Spouse: Mark if husband or wife is alive
3. Children: Enter number of sons and daughters separately
4. Grandchildren through sons: Count only if their father (the deceased’s son) has died
5. Parents: Mark if father and mother are alive
6. Grandparents: Include paternal and maternal grandparents only if parents are not alive
7. Siblings: Enter full siblings, consanguine (same father), and uterine (same mother) siblings separately
8. Others: Add paternal uncles or male cousins if needed (asaba relatives)
9. Estate value: Enter total worth in rupees (₹)
10. Deductions: List funeral expenses, debts (including unpaid mahr), valid will amount (max 1/3 to non-heirs), and any due zakat

The tool outputs shares in ₹ and % for each heir, plus a summary you can save.

Basics in 1 Minute

• Miras / Islamic inheritance: How a Muslim’s estate is shared after death according to Quran and Sunnah
• Estate: What remains after funeral costs, debts, and a valid will (≤ 1/3 to non-heir)
• Heirs: Two types – Quranic sharers (ashab al-faraid) who get fixed shares, and residuaries (asabah) who take the remainder
• Hanafi school: Rules used here follow Hanafi fiqh (rules differ by school; ask a local scholar for guidance)

Order of Deductions (Very Important)

Islamic law requires settling these in exact order:

1. Funeral expenses (kafan, daffan – burial costs)
2. Debts including unpaid mahr, loans, bills
3. Valid will up to 1/3 of remaining estate to non-heirs
4. Distribution to heirs from what’s left

Note: Will beyond 1/3 needs consent from adult heirs.

Fixed Shares (Faraid) at a Glance

Heir	Fixed Share	Short Rule
Husband	1/2 or 1/4	1/2 if no child/descendant; 1/4 if wife has children
Wife (one or more)	1/4 or 1/8	1/4 if no child/descendant; 1/8 if husband has children (shared among wives)
Father	1/6 or residuary	1/6 with child/descendant; otherwise takes remainder
Mother	1/6, 1/3, or special	1/6 with child/descendant or 2+ siblings; otherwise 1/3 (special case with spouse+father)
Daughter(s)	1/2 or 2/3	One daughter: 1/2 if no son; Two+ daughters: 2/3 shared if no son; with son: residuary (2:1 rule)
Uterine sibling(s)	1/6 or 1/3	1/6 for one; 1/3 for two+ (only if no child/descendant and no father)
Full/Consanguine sister(s)	1/2 or 2/3	1/2 (one), 2/3 (two+) if no child/descendant and no father; may become residuaries with daughters

Note: “Residuary” means they take the remainder after fixed shares, often with the 2:1 rule (male:female).

Blocked & Not Eligible

• Presence of a son blocks brothers, uncles, and other distant relatives
• Father blocks grandfathers; son blocks grandsons from inheriting
• Adopted and step children are not heirs (can receive gifts or wasiyyah)
• Non-Muslim relatives are not heirs in classical Hanafi fiqh
• Higher generation blocks lower generation in same line

Note: Sensitive cases exist. For local law paperwork, speak to a lawyer; for Islamic shares, ask a scholar.

Awl & Radd (When Shares Don’t Fit Perfectly)

Awl: When fixed shares exceed the total estate, all shares are reduced proportionally.

Example: Wife gets 1/8, three daughters get 2/3, mother gets 1/6. Total = 1/8 + 2/3 + 1/6 = 27/24 (more than 1). Each share is reduced by 24/27.

Radd: When fixed shares sum to less than the estate and no residuary exists, eligible sharers get increased shares proportionally.

Example: Only wife (1/4) and mother (1/3) inherit. Total = 1/4 + 1/3 = 7/12. Remaining 5/12 is distributed between them proportionally.

Worked Examples (India)

Example A (Delhi)

Case: Man dies leaving wife, mother, two sons, one daughter. Estate: ₹12,00,000 after deductions.

• Wife: 1/8 = ₹1,50,000
• Mother: 1/6 = ₹2,00,000
• Remaining ₹8,50,000 split among children (2:1 rule)
• Each son: ₹3,40,000 (2 shares each)
• Daughter: ₹1,70,000 (1 share)

Example B (Mumbai)

Case: Woman dies leaving husband, two daughters, father. Estate: ₹9,00,000.

• Husband: 1/4 = ₹2,25,000
• Two daughters: 2/3 = ₹6,00,000 (shared equally: ₹3,00,000 each)
• Father (residuary): 1/12 = ₹75,000

Example C (Lucknow, Kalalah)

Case: Person dies with no descendants or ascendants. Leaves one uterine brother, two full brothers. Estate: ₹6,00,000.

• Uterine brother: 1/6 = ₹1,00,000
• Two full brothers (residuary): 5/6 = ₹5,00,000 (₹2,50,000 each)

Example D (Hyderabad, Awl Case)

Case: Woman dies leaving husband, mother, two daughters. Estate: ₹3,60,000.

Normal shares: Husband 1/4, Mother 1/6, Daughters 2/3 = Total 1.08 (awl occurs)

• Husband: ₹1,00,000 (reduced from 1/4)
• Mother: ₹80,000 (reduced from 1/6)
• Daughters: ₹1,80,000 (reduced from 2/3, ₹90,000 each)

Example E (Pune, Radd Case)

Case: Woman dies leaving only mother and one daughter. Estate: ₹4,80,000.

Fixed shares total 5/6. Remaining 1/6 distributed proportionally (radd).

• Mother: ₹1,60,000 + ₹32,000 (radd) = ₹1,92,000
• Daughter: ₹2,40,000 + ₹48,000 (radd) = ₹2,88,000

Special Situations (Short Answers)

• Pregnancy: Reserve share for unborn child; redistribute if miscarriage occurs
• Missing heir: Courts can declare missing person dead after legal process; shares held in trust
• Multiple wives: All wives together share 1/4 or 1/8 equally among them
• Nominee vs heir: Nominee holds money in trust for actual heirs; not automatic owner
• Joint property: Deceased’s share calculated first, then inheritance rules apply to that portion
• Gifts during life (hiba): Valid gifts before death don’t form part of estate
• Outstanding mahr: Treated as debt; deducted before inheritance distribution
• Provident fund/insurance: Nominee receives but must distribute to heirs per Islamic law
• Business vs personal assets: All assets counted; business debts deducted first
• Ancestral property: Inherited property follows same Islamic rules when passed down
• Adopted child support: Can receive up to 1/3 through wasiyyah; not automatic heir
• Non-Muslim spouse: Cannot inherit per classical fiqh; can receive through wasiyyah or gift

Common Mistakes

• Skipping the deduction order (funeral, debts, will, then heirs)
• Making will over 1/3 without getting consent from adult heirs
• Confusing bank nominees with Islamic heirs
• Mixing business assets with personal wealth incorrectly
• Including blocked heirs in calculations
• Not keeping written records of the distribution
• Forgetting to account for unpaid mahr as debt
• Applying different madhab rules without checking

FAQs

Who inherits first in Islamic law?

Quranic sharers (like spouse, parents, children) get their fixed shares first. Residuaries (like sons, fathers without children) take what remains.

What if there’s a will over 1/3?

The excess requires consent from all adult heirs. Without consent, only 1/3 goes to non-heirs as specified in the will.

Do nominees automatically become owners?

No. Nominees hold assets in trust for the actual Islamic heirs. They must distribute according to Islamic inheritance law.

What if debts exceed assets?

Heirs are not responsible for excess debts unless they guaranteed them. The estate is insolvent; no inheritance occurs.

How to handle an unborn child?

Reserve the maximum possible share for the unborn child. Redistribute if pregnancy ends or actual gender differs from assumption.

What about two or more wives?

All wives together share the wife’s portion (1/4 or 1/8) equally among themselves, regardless of their number.

Can an adopted child inherit?

Adopted children don’t inherit automatically but can receive up to 1/3 through wasiyyah or gifts during lifetime.

What about provident fund, NPS, and insurance?

Nominees receive the money but must distribute it to Islamic heirs. These are not separate from inheritance rules.

How to handle property in joint names?

First determine the deceased’s actual share, then apply inheritance rules to that portion only.

What if a child died earlier—do grandkids inherit?

In Hanafi fiqh, grandchildren through a predeceased son can inherit in place of their father in certain cases.

Difference between full, consanguine, and uterine siblings?

Full siblings share both parents. Consanguine siblings share only the father. Uterine siblings share only the mother. Each has different inheritance rules.

What is awl and radd?

Awl reduces shares when they exceed 100%. Radd increases shares when they total less than 100% and no residuary heir exists.

What if only distant relatives remain?

Distant male relatives (asaba) inherit in specific order: brothers, nephews, uncles, male cousins. If none exist, the estate may go to the state (bayt al-mal).

How to make a gift (hiba) during lifetime?

Hiba requires offer, acceptance, and possession transfer during the giver’s lifetime. Valid hiba is not part of the estate.

Court process vs family settlement?

Family agreement is faster but court succession certificate provides legal protection. Both should follow Islamic shares.

What records and proof are needed?

Death certificate, property documents, debt proofs, family relationship certificates, and written agreement on shares distribution.

Can inheritance be delayed or held?

Islamic law favors quick distribution. Delays should only be for practical reasons like settling debts or legal processes.

What if an heir refuses their share?

An heir can give up their share after receiving it, but they cannot be forced to refuse it initially.

How does the 2:1 rule work exactly?

When sons and daughters inherit together as residuaries, each son gets twice the share of each daughter from the available amount.

What to Do Next

Use the Miras (Islamic Inheritance) Calculator on chandkitarikh.in now to calculate exact shares for your situation. Save the results and keep detailed records for family discussions and legal processes. Also read: Making a Will (Wasiyyah): Simple Guide for complete estate planning guidance.